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Homepage / Notes / Computer Science / Text editors / Emacs / org-mode

Intro

Files are .org.

Start with a specific header containing metadata: #+title: this is a title #+description: this is a description

Historically uppercase (#+TITLE:) but can be lowercase since 2018. Common metadata: title, description, author, date…

Markup

https://orgmode.org/manual/Markup-for-Rich-Contents.html Contrary to Markdown, spec for markup is clear 🙏.

bold, italic, underlined, verbatim, code, strike-through

Headings

At the root of the document (no indent), number of * represent the level of heading.

• Level 1

** Level 2

* Level 3

etc…

Move to next header (same level): g j/k

Insert a new header (same level): C-RET (Control - Enter) Insert a new header after subtree: M-RET (Alt - Enter)

Promote a header: M-h or TAB (INSERT mode) Demote a header: M-l or S-TAB (INSERT mode)

Move header up: M-k, Move header down: M-j

Move element only: M-J/K

Folding

TAB to fold/unfold S-TAB fold/unfold entire document

z c fold (close) z o unfold (open) z M fold entire document z R unfold entire document

Lists

• Unordered list item 1
• Unordered list item 2

can also use + instead of -

1. Ordered list
2. Ordered list

Checkboxes

Standard empty checkbox: - [ ]

Doom Emacs: RET to toggle between unchecked ([ ]), in progress ([-]) and checked ([X])

Doom Emacs: SPC m x to toggle between unchecked and checked

Standard Emacs: C-c C-c to toggle between unchecked and checked

Create new checkbox below: C-RET

In header containing checkboxes: [/] to start a tally of tasks done, or [%] for the same thing with percentages

Links

https://orgmode.org/guide/Hyperlinks.html

LINK

DESCRIPTION

Insert: SPC m l l

Open: C-c C-o, Doom: RET Go back to previous position: C-c &, Evil: C-o

Toggle to see links in "plaintext": SPC m l t

Tables

Start typing and insert pipes | for separator

Insert line: SPC m b -

Move row up/down: M-k/j Move column right/left: M-l/h

Convert selection to table: C-c | or SPC m b c

Spreadsheet

https://orgmode.org/org.html#Tables https://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/org-spreadsheet-intro.html

Field Reference

Traditional spreadsheet A1 system can be used, but Emacs' equivalent of the R1C1 system is preferred: @ROW$COLUMN

Column Reference

Column reference can be absolute: $1, $2, $N… Or relative to the column of the field which is being computed: $+1, $-2 $< refers to the first column, $> to the last, $>>> third column from the right…

Row Reference

Only data lines are counted, horizontal separator lines (hlines) are ignored. Like with columns, you can use absolute: @1, @2, @N… Relative to computed field: @+1, @-3 Relative to table structure: @< first line, @> last line Relative to hlines: @I first hline, @II second hline, @-I hline above, @+I hline below

Other

$0 & @0 refers the current column / row if omitted, current row/column is implied

Examples: @2$3: 2nd row, 3rd column (same as 'C2') $5: column 5 in the current row (same as 'E&') @2: current column, row 2 @-1$-3: field one row up, three columns to the left @-I$2: field just under hline above current row, column 2 @>$5: field in the last row, in column 5

Range Reference

You may reference a range by connecting two field references with two dots: .. The ends are included in the range

Examples: $1..$3: first three fields in the current row $P..$Q: range, using column names (see Advanced features) $<<<..$>>: start in third column, continue to the last but one @2$1..@4$3: nine fields between these two fields (same as 'A2..C4') @-1$-2..@-1: 3 fields in the row above, starting from 2 columns on the left @I..II: between first and second hline, short for '@I..@II'

Constants

Constants can be defined for a specific table with a line above the table:

and used be preceding the name by a $

Constants need to be evaluated by running C-c C-c on the line beforehand

Formulas

Type a formula directly in a cell by preceding it with := In Doom Emacs, use TAB to apply the formula, RET to update the formula results A #+TBLFM line will be added below the table

Edit formulas using either: C-c ' or SPC m b f in Doom Emacs

Column formulas are a thing! Simply reference the column like $3=formula()

Using Calc

Using Emacs Lisp

Start a formula by prepending a single quote to it ' Append ;N so referenced elements are numbers

ToDo

Start a new header with TODO Insert a new TODO header after subtree M-S-RET

Toggle between states with RET More toggling options: SPC m t

See all todos: SPC m T

Priorities: S-up S-down on a task to set priority, or: SPC m p p [priority] with priority going from A to C

Tags

SPC m q to set tag on any headline (or enter :tag: manually) SPC o a m to search with tags in org-agenda

org-agenda

Open: SPC o A Put file in front of agenda: C-c [ Add SCHEDULED: SPC m d s Add DEADLINE: SPC m d d List of tasks: SPC o a t

Special symbols

Supports LaTeX and HTML

\alpha, \beta, \omega…

C-c C-x \ (org-toggle-pretty-entities) to display entities as UTF-8 characters

Sort headings / tasks / list

Use org-sort-entries Can sort by priority, alphabetical order, etc…

Babel

https://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/babel/index.html

"Babel is Org-mode's ability to execute source code within Org-mode documents."

Example:

return 6 * 7

42

Run code using RET or C-c C-c

Supported languages

https://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/babel/languages/index.html

Edit code more easily

SPC m ' or C-c ' to open a buffer to edit the code more easily

Using Sessions

https://orgmode.org/manual/Environment-of-a-Code-Block.html

a = 5

a * 2

10

External Variables

From Previous Result

6 * 2

12

x * 2

24

From Table

(length table)

5

tl + 1

6

Exporting Results

https://orgmode.org/manual/Exporting-Code-Blocks.html By default, results aren't exported (to .html, .pdf…). To have either code, results or both/none exported: Insert :exports code/results/both/none in the header arguments. Example with both: #+property: header-args :exports both

Display Results

https://orgmode.org/manual/Results-of-Evaluation.html :results value: default for most languages, display the "return" of a function :results verbatim: does not try to format result in a list or table :results output: display the output of stdout

Wrap Results

:wrap {type} {language} to wrap the results "block" to be of a custom type and language Example:

puts "2022-09-01 price XGRO 22.55 CAD"

2022-09-01 price XGRO 22.55 CAD

Extracting Source Code

https://orgmode.org/manual/Extracting-Source-Code.html Insert :tangle yes in the header arguments. You may need to C-c C-c that line to update the file settings. Press C-c C-v t to "tangle" the file (extract source code from .org file).

To tangle every code block in a file, place this in the document headers: #+property: header-args :tangle {filename}

Reference Other Code Blocks

https://orgmode.org/manual/Noweb-Reference-Syntax.html Source code blocks can include references to other source code blocks, using a noweb style syntax: <<CODE-BLOCK-ID>>

Example:

(1..5).to_a

<<range>>.sum

15

<<range>>.sum gets expanded to (1..5).to_a.sum so you can't mix languages

One-liners

It's possible to have code on one-line only: 2+3 {{{results(5)}}}

But no syntax highlighting…

Paragraphs

https://orgmode.org/manual/Paragraphs.html Paragraphs are separated by at least one empty line. If you need to enforce a line break within a paragraph, use ‘\\’ at the end of a line.

Verse

Preserves line breaks, indentation, blank lines… Can be used to format poetry.

Quote

Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not any simpler —Albert Einstein

Center

Calc

https://github.com/dfeich/org-babel-examples/blob/master/calc/calc.org https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_mono/calc.html Suggestion for shortcuts to add to Doom Emacs: https://hungyi.net/posts/emacs-calculate-while-you-write/

Calc formulas, all you need to know | Inside Emacs #6 (part 12) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afsBtpEfoG4

in Org Babel

1 + 1

2

in Emacs Lisp

(calc-eval "2 + 2")

4

Embedded Mode

5 + 5

Place en empty line above and below a calculation, run C-x * e and Calc will run the calculation and return the result

in Tables

Habits

https://orgmode.org/manual/Tracking-your-habits.html

Journal

SPC n j j add new entry

=C-c C-f=  go to the next journal file =C-c C-b= go to the previous journal file

=C-c C-j= insert a new entry into the current journal file (creates the file if not present)

=C-c C-s= search the journal for a string

Org Capture

https://orgmode.org/manual/Capture-templates.html#Capture-templates http://www.howardism.org/Technical/Emacs/capturing-intro.html

SPC n n or SPC X capture new todo/note…

org-roam

https://www.orgroam.com/

SPC n r r open/close Roam SPC n r c capture note

https://www.ianjones.us/own-your-second-brain

LaTeX

https://orgmode.org/manual/Embedded-LaTeX.html

Can use $...$, $$..$$, \(...\), \[...\] as inline math delimiters.

For multiline:

Press RET to preview / undo preview (or C-c C-x C-l in the barbaric Emacs way).

More config: https://www.reddit.com/r/emacs/comments/9h44lk/i_can_finally_preview_latex_in_orgmode_took_me/

Export to PDF

SPC m e or C-c C-e to open export dispatch

l p Export as LaTeX file and convert it to PDF file l o Export as LaTeX file and convert it to PDF, then open the PDF using the default viewer

Preview Formatting

https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/org/Previewing-LaTeX-fragments.html

Adjust org-format-latex-options, in particular scale

Plantuml

https://plantuml.com/emacs https://github.com/dfeich/org-babel-examples/blob/master/plantuml/plantuml-babel.org

(setq org-plantuml-jar-path (expand-file-name "~/.config/plantuml/plantuml.jar"))

title Authentication Sequence

Alice->Bob: Authentication Request
note right of Bob: Bob thinks about it
Bob->Alice: Authentication Response

Ditaa

(setq org-ditaa-jar-path (expand-file-name "~/.config/ditaa/ditaa.jar"))

+--------+   +-------+    +-------+
|        | --+ ditaa +--> |       |
|  Text  |   +-------+    |diagram|
|Document|   |!magic!|    |       |
|     {d}|   |       |    |       |
+---+----+   +-------+    +-------+
    :                         ^
    |       Lots of work      |
    +-------------------------+

Resources

Org-Mode Reference Card: https://orgmode.org/worg/orgcard.html

Org Mode Basics In Doom Emacs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34zODp_lhqg

Encryption: https://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/encrypting-files.html

Consistent Technical Documents Using Emacs and Org Mode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0g9BcZvQbXU

Show a "table of contents": https://emacs.stackexchange.com/questions/9530/how-can-i-get-an-org-mode-outline-in-a-2nd-buffer-as-a-dynamic-table-of-contents

Extending org-mode to handle youtube links: https://bitspook.in/blog/extending-org-mode-to-handle-youtube-links/